To be sure, the systems constructed by the most ambitious epistemological philosophers had ontologies, and the claims they made about substances were supposed to be necessary. But these ontological truths were not ontologically necessary; they were truths about ontology that were supposed to be epistemologically necessary, or certain. That is because ontology is just an afterthought in traditional philosophy. The primary goal is to show the conclusiveness of the certain propositions about the world. But insofar as those necessary truths entailed theories about what exists, epistemological philosophers found themselves committed to some ontology or other. In other words, their ontological theories, or metaphysical systems, as they are called, were just implications of their epistemologically necessary truths, not their foundations.
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